Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can have significant side effects on the oral cavity, that’s why managing dental health during chemotherapy and radiation therapy is crucial.
In this article, we will explore the potential oral side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, we will provide practical tips for maintaining dental health and preventing or alleviating oral complications that may arise during cancer treatment.
Understanding Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two common cancer treatments that work by targeting and destroying cancer cells.
While these treatments are effective at killing cancer cells, they can also affect healthy cells in the body, including those in the mouth.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves using powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. These drugs can be administered orally, intravenously, or through injections and circulate throughout the body, affecting both cancerous and healthy cells. Chemotherapy can cause a range of side effects, including oral complications such as mouth sores, dry mouth, and infections.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. This treatment is often delivered externally using a machine called a linear accelerator or internally through radioactive implants. Radiation therapy in the neck and head can damage healthy cells in the treatment area, leading to side effects such as oral mucositis, tooth decay, and jawbone damage.
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment on Dental Health
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause several oral side effects that may impact a patient’s dental health and quality of life:
- Mouth Sores (Mucositis): Mouth sores are a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, resulting from damage to the lining of the mouth and oral cavity. These sores can be painful and may make it difficult to eat, drink, and speak.
- Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can damage the salivary glands, causing a reduction in saliva production and dry mouth syndrome. A dry mouth can increase the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections.
- Infections: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to oral infections such as thrush (oral candidiasis) and bacterial infections.
- Tooth Decay: Radiation therapy to the head and neck area can damage tooth enamel and increase the risk of tooth decay.
- Jawbone Damage: Radiation therapy to the head and neck area can damage the jawbone, leading to a condition known as osteoradionecrosis. This condition can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty opening the mouth.
Tips for Managing Dental Health During Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Despite the potential oral side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there are several steps patients can take to manage their dental health and alleviate discomfort:
Before Treatment
Prioritize dental care before starting cancer treatment. Visit your dentist for a comprehensive dental exam and cleaning to address any existing oral health issues.
Inform your oncologist and dental team about any existing dental problems, medications, and previous dental treatments.
During Treatment
- Practice good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth after each meal with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Use gentle, circular motions to clean your teeth and gums.
- Rinse your mouth with salt water or prescribed mouthwash to soothe mouth sores and promote healing. Avoid using alcohol-based mouthwashes, as they can further irritate sensitive oral tissues.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day to help alleviate dry mouth and flush out toxins from the body.
- Avoid foods and beverages that irritate mouth sores or worsen dry mouth, such as spicy foods, acidic foods, and carbonated drinks.
- Eat a soft diet of nutritious foods such as soups, smoothies, yogurt, and cooked vegetables. Avoid foods that are difficult to chew or swallow.
- Use a moisturizing lip balm to prevent dry, cracked lips and protect them from sun exposure.
- Attend regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings during cancer treatment to monitor your oral health and address any issues promptly.
After Treatment
- Continue practicing good oral hygiene habits to maintain dental health once cancer treatment is complete.
- Schedule a follow-up dental exam with your dentist to assess any changes in your oral health and address any lingering issues.
- Consider dental implants or other restorative treatments to replace missing teeth or restore dental function and aesthetics.
Managing dental health during chemotherapy and radiation therapy is essential for preventing and alleviating oral complications that may arise during cancer treatment.
By prioritizing dental care before, during, and after treatment, patients can minimize the impact of oral side effects and maintain optimal oral health throughout their treatment.
Be sure to communicate openly with your oncologist and dental team about any concerns or changes in your oral health. With proper care and attention, you can preserve your dental health and focus on your journey to recovery and healing.
Can you have dental work during chemotherapy?
Yes, you can get dental check-ups and non-invasive treatments, but you should not get any invasive or surgical dental work during chemotherapy, and if you happen to need urgent dental care your dentist must run a blood test to evaluate the status of your blood counts.
