Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring substance found in various body tissues, including skin, connective tissues, joints, and mucous membranes.
In dentistry, it has emerged as a versatile compound due to its regenerative, hydrating, and protective properties.
It is synthesized in laboratories for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, particularly to manage oral health issues and improve facial aesthetics.
Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid in Dentistry
Hyaluronic acid provides numerous benefits for both dental and general health:
- Hydration and Tissue Repair: It retains water molecules, deeply hydrating tissues, improving elasticity, and aiding cell repair.
- Anti-Aging Effects: It boosts collagen and elastin production, reversing signs of aging and improving skin texture, especially around the mouth and face.
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties: It reduces inflammation in periodontal treatments, oral surgeries, and TMJ disorders, alleviating pain and promoting healing.
- Antioxidant and Antiseptic Action: It neutralizes free radicals, minimizes cellular damage, and inhibits bacterial growth, making it an essential agent in wound healing.
- Joint Lubrication: For patients with TMJ disorders, HA injections reduce friction, enhance mobility, and slow cartilage degradation.
Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Dentistry
1. Cosmetic Dentistry
HA is a popular choice for non-invasive cosmetic enhancements due to its biocompatibility. Common applications include:
- Lip Augmentation
Adds volume and corrects asymmetries for a balanced smile. - Wrinkle Reduction
Smoothens lines around the mouth and nose. - Cheek and Chin Contouring
Enhances facial harmony by correcting volume loss.
2. Periodontics
In periodontal therapy, HA helps manage gum diseases like gum recession, gingivitis, and periodontitis. It promotes tissue regeneration, reduces bacterial colonization, and accelerates healing, it is often used in gels, membranes, or sponges during treatment.
3. Oral Surgery
Post-surgical application of HA minimizes inflammation, prevents infection, and speeds recovery. Its ability to hydrate and protect tissues ensures better healing outcomes after oral surgery.
4. Mouth Ulcers and Oral Lesions
HA-based gels are highly effective in treating mouth sores, mucositis, and other oral injuries by reducing discomfort and fostering quicker healing.
5. TMJ Disorder Treatments
For temporomandibular joint dysfunction, HA injections improve lubrication, alleviate pain, and restore normal function.
6. Orthodontic Applications
HA helps manage soft tissue inflammation during orthodontic treatments, making it ideal for reducing discomfort in patients using braces or aligners.
Safety and Risks of Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is generally safe, but complications can occur due to improper technique or substandard materials. Potential risks include:
- Mild Swelling or Bruising
Common after injection, lasting a few days. - Allergic Reactions
Rare but possible due to additional ingredients in some HA products. - Infections
This can occur if aseptic techniques aren’t followed. - Vascular Complications
Incorrect injection techniques can cause rare but severe complications, like skin necrosis, requiring immediate medical attention.
For optimal safety, HA treatments should always be performed by trained professionals using high-quality, regulated products.
Can Dentists Use Hyaluronic Acid?
Yes, dentists are qualified to administer HA treatments, particularly in the lower third of the face (e.g., lips and perioral area). However, regulations differ by country.
In some regions, aesthetic procedures on the upper face are restricted to medical doctors.
Note: Although in most countries both dentists and medical doctors can carry out all these procedures, some countries in the European Union consider that cosmetic treatments in the middle and upper third of the face should only be carried out by doctors, and treatments in the lower third must be carried out by dentists; This will depend on the regulations in force in each country.
FAQs About Hyaluronic Acid in Dentistry
- What is hyaluronic acid, and why is it used in dentistry?
HA is a natural substance that hydrates, regenerates, and protects tissues. In dentistry, it’s used for treating gum disease, TMJ disorders, oral lesions, and enhancing facial aesthetics.
- How does hyaluronic acid help with gum disease?
HA reduces inflammation, prevents bacterial growth, and aids in tissue regeneration, improving gum health and supporting periodontal therapy.
- Is hyaluronic acid safe for dental use?
Yes, it is biocompatible and safe when applied by qualified professionals.
- Can hyaluronic acid reverse signs of aging?
Yes, by stimulating collagen production, it reduces wrinkles and enhances facial volume, offering a rejuvenated appearance.
- How long do the effects of hyaluronic acid last?
Effects vary by application, ranging from 6–12 months for fillers to 1–2 years for TMJ treatments.
- Can hyaluronic acid replace lost gum tissue?
While it cannot regenerate lost gum tissue, it supports healing and prevents further recession.
- What are the most common side effects?
Temporary swelling, redness, or minor bruising are common, resolving within a few days.
- How is hyaluronic acid used in oral surgery?
HA minimizes inflammation, prevents infection, and accelerates healing after surgeries like tooth extractions or implant placements.
- Are there any contraindications for HA treatments?
HA is generally safe, but patients with severe allergies or autoimmune conditions should consult their dentist or doctor beforehand.
- What is the cost of hyaluronic acid treatments in dentistry?
Costs vary depending on the procedure, typically ranging from $200 to $1,500.
- Can HA be used alongside other treatments?
Yes, HA complements orthodontics, periodontal therapy, and oral surgery, enhancing overall outcomes.
- What is the cost of dental treatments with hyaluronic acid?
The cost depends on the procedure, quantity used, and location, typically ranging from $200 to $1,000 per treatment. - What regulations apply to dentists using hyaluronic acid?
Regulations vary; in many countries, dentists can treat the lower third of the face, including the lips and mouth area.