Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small but painful lesions that form inside the mouth.
Though they’re common and often harmless, they can significantly disrupt daily activities like eating, drinking, and speaking.
Understanding what causes them, how to treat them, and ways to prevent them can help manage this recurring oral issue effectively.
What Are Canker Sores?
They are shallow, round ulcers that develop on the soft tissues of the mouth, such as the inner cheeks, tongue, or gums.
They are not contagious and typically heal on their own within 1–2 weeks.
Symptoms of Canker Sores
Common Symptoms:
- A small, round, or oval sore inside the mouth, often white or yellow with a red border.
- A tingling or burning sensation before the sore appears.
- Pain that worsens when eating, drinking, or talking.
Severe Symptoms (in rare cases):
- Multiple sores at the same time.
- Sores that last more than two weeks.
- Fever, swollen lymph nodes, or fatigue.
If these severe symptoms occur, consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions.
What Causes Canker Sores?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors can trigger or contribute to their development:
- Minor Mouth Injuries: Accidental bites, sharp foods, or poorly fitting dental appliances.
- Stress and Fatigue: Physical or emotional stress can weaken your immune system, making you prone to ulcers.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins like B12, folate, iron, or zinc can contribute.
- Food Sensitivities: Spicy, acidic, or salty foods can irritate the mouth lining.
- Hormonal Changes: Some women experience sores during menstruation or hormonal fluctuations.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Disorders like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or Behçet’s disease.
Treatments for Canker Sores
They usually heal on their own, but treatments can speed up healing and reduce discomfort:
1. Over-the-Counter Products
- Topical Gels and Creams: Products like benzocaine or hydrocortisone reduce pain and inflammation.
- Oral Rinses: Antiseptic mouthwashes or saltwater rinses can keep the sore clean and promote healing.
2. Prescription Medications
- Corticosteroids: Prescribed for severe or recurrent sores.
- Oral Medications: In rare cases, medications for underlying immune issues may be needed.
3. Home Remedies
- Saltwater Rinse: Mix 1 teaspoon of salt in warm water and rinse your mouth.
- Honey Application: Apply raw honey directly to the sore to reduce inflammation and speed up healing.
- Cold Compress: Numb the pain with ice or a cold spoon.
How to Prevent Canker Sores
Taking preventative measures can reduce the likelihood of developing them:
- Maintain Oral Hygiene: Brush and floss daily to keep your mouth clean and healthy. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid irritation.
- Avoid Trigger Foods: Identify and limit spicy, acidic, or salty foods.
- Manage Stress: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation to reduce stress.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist.
- Address Nutritional Deficiencies: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Consider supplements if needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are canker sores contagious?
No, they are not contagious. They are not caused by viruses or bacteria but are typically linked to other factors like stress or injuries.
2. What’s the difference between canker sores and cold sores?
Canker sores occur inside the mouth and are not contagious, while cold sores usually appear outside the mouth and are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
3. How long do canker sores last?
Most of the time heal within 1–2 weeks without treatment. Severe or larger sores may take longer.
4. Can certain foods trigger canker sores?
Yes, spicy, acidic, or salty foods can irritate the mouth lining and contribute to its development.
5. Should I see a dentist or doctor for canker sores?
If you have frequent, severe, or unusually large sores that don’t heal within two weeks, consult a dentist to rule out underlying conditions.
6. Can canker sores indicate an underlying health problem?
Recurrent outbreaks may signal conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or a weakened immune system. A healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis.
7. Can children get canker sores?
Yes, children can develop them, especially if they experience stress, have poor oral hygiene, or accidentally injure their mouths.
8. Does toothpaste cause canker sores?
Toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) can irritate the mouth lining and increase the risk of outbreaks. Switching to an SLS-free toothpaste may help.
9. How can I reduce pain from canker sores quickly?
Applying topical gels, rinsing with salt water, and avoiding spicy or acidic foods can provide quick relief.
Conclusion
Canker sores, though harmless, can disrupt your daily routine with pain and discomfort. By understanding their causes, recognizing triggers, and taking steps to prevent them, you can reduce their occurrence and impact.
If you experience frequent or severe outbreaks, consult a healthcare professional to figure out what type of mouth ulcers you’re experiencing and receive personalized treatment.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and good oral hygiene can go a long way in keeping your mouth healthy and free of sores.