What Is Tooth Extraction? When, Why, and What to Expect

tooth extraction cost and healing process

Tooth extraction is a dental procedure in which a tooth is removed from its socket in the jawbone. 

While dentists prioritize saving natural teeth, extractions become necessary in certain situations, such as severe decay, infection, or overcrowding.

There are two main types of extractions:

  • Simple Extraction: Performed on visible teeth using forceps and local anesthesia.
  • Surgical Extraction: Required for impacted or broken teeth, often involving an incision and stitches.

Reasons for Tooth Extraction

1. Severe Tooth Decay or Damage

When a tooth is extensively decayed or fractured beyond repair, extraction prevents further infection and pain.

2. Gum Disease (Periodontitis)

Advanced periodontal disease can weaken the gums and bone, causing teeth to loosen. If a tooth cannot be saved through treatment, it may require removal.

3. Impacted Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom teeth often become impacted (trapped under the gum), causing pain, infections, and damage to nearby teeth, necessitating extraction.

4. Overcrowding and Orthodontic Treatment

Some people have too many teeth or insufficient space in their jaw, requiring extractions before braces or Invisalign to create room for proper alignment.

5. Tooth Infection or Abscess

When a tooth infection spreads to the pulp (the inner tissue), a root canal is often the first option. If the infection persists, extraction is necessary to prevent further complications.

6. Trauma or Injury

Teeth damaged by an accident, sports injury, or other trauma may need removal if they cannot be restored.

7. Risk of Infection (Medical Conditions)

Patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplants, or with weakened immune systems may need extractions to prevent potential infections.

What to Expect During a Tooth Extraction

Step 1: Initial Examination

A dentist will:

  • Take X-rays to assess the tooth’s position.
  • Discuss treatment options and whether extraction is necessary.
  • Administer local anesthesia (or sedation for surgical cases).

Step 2: Extraction Procedure

Simple Extraction

  1. The dentist numbs the area with local anesthesia.
  2. The tooth is loosened using a dental elevator.
  3. Forceps are used to gently remove the tooth.

Surgical Extraction

  1. A small incision is made in the gum.
  2. The tooth may be sectioned into smaller pieces for easier removal.
  3. The area is stitched to promote healing.

Tooth Extraction Aftercare and Recovery

Immediate Aftercare (First 24 Hours)

✅ Bite on gauze for 30–45 minutes to stop bleeding.
✅ Apply ice packs to reduce swelling.
✅ Rest and avoid strenuous activity.
✅ Take prescribed pain relievers as directed.
✅ Do NOT smoke, drink alcohol, or use straws (to prevent dry socket).

Foods to Eat After Extraction

Stick to a soft-food diet for a few days:

  • Yogurt
  • Mashed potatoes
  • Scrambled eggs
  • Smoothies
  • Applesauce

Avoid spicy, crunchy, or hot foods that can irritate the wound.

Common Complications and How to Prevent Them

1. Dry Socket

  • Occurs when the blood clot dislodges, exposing the bone.
  • Symptoms: Severe pain, bad breath, unpleasant taste.
  • Prevention: Avoid straws, smoking, and excessive spitting.

2. Swelling and Bruising

  • Apply ice packs for 10–15 minutes at a time.
  • Swelling usually peaks within 48 hours and subsides after a few days.

3. Infection

  • Signs include fever, pus, or prolonged swelling.
  • Follow oral hygiene guidelines and take prescribed antibiotics if needed.

4. Nerve Damage (Rare)

  • Can cause temporary numbness in the lips or tongue.
  • Usually resolves over time.

FAQs About Tooth Extraction

1. How long does it take to recover from a tooth extraction?

Most people recover within 7–10 days, but complete healing can take a few weeks.

2. Does tooth extraction hurt?

The procedure is painless due to anesthesia, but mild discomfort may occur during recovery.

3. Can I brush my teeth after an extraction?

Yes, but avoid the extraction site for the first 24 hours. After that, gently rinse with warm salt water.

4. How do I sleep after tooth extraction?

Sleep with your head elevated using pillows, this will help to reduce swelling and bleeding.

5. Can I smoke after a tooth extraction?

No, smoking delays healing and increases the risk of dry socket. Avoid smoking for at least 72 hours.

6. What happens if I don’t replace an extracted tooth?

Missing teeth can cause bone loss, shifting of surrounding teeth, and bite problems. Options for replacement include dental implants, bridges, or dentures.

7. When can I return to work or school?

Most people can resume normal activities the next day, but avoid heavy lifting or intense exercise for 48 hours.

Final Thoughts

Tooth extraction is a common and safe procedure, typically done to relieve pain, prevent infections, or improve oral health. 

Following proper aftercare ensures a smooth recovery. If you’re experiencing severe pain, swelling, or prolonged bleeding, contact your dentist immediately.

References
  • Gadhia A, Pepper T. Oral Surgery, Extraction of Teeth. [Updated 2023 Jun 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589654/
  • Fathima, T., & Santhosh Kumar, M. P. (2022). Evaluation of quality of life following dental extraction. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 13(Suppl 1), S102. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_361_22
  • Broers, D. L., Dubois, L., De Lange, J., Su, N., & De Jongh, A. (2022). Reasons for Tooth Removal in Adults: A Systematic Review. International Dental Journal, 72(1), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.011
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